TEKNOLOJİ STAJI

AUTOCAD (01.08.2014-01.09.2014):

 

       In the beginning of an autocad course  , I learned the basic comments  such as the comment LİNE. It helps us to draw lines. İf you want you can click the dimension you want.İn the inside of the line comment, there is other comments such as undo and close. Undo helps us to forward one comment and close helps us to close the closed area.Also we learned the menu at the bottom of an autocad page.Orho mode helps us to draw perpendecular lines.Object snap helps us to put the geometrical points of our shapes. Such as the end of lines or the mid of the shapes… In the object snap setting there is extension. Extension helps us to find the right distance without clicling, and drawing a line.It is used in the comment line.Dynamic input helps us to move the comment tool inside of the Mouse icon.We learned the other basic comments such as move,copy,array,offset and trim. I learned something different from rhino about the command trim. When we clicked the comment trim and without choosing the knifes, say enter. After saying that everything in the page became knife and you can delete whatever you want.We draw this machine piece also with using the basic comments in autocad.

We also learned how to take dimension in autocad.The comment linear helps us to take dimensions.On the other hand in the basic comment lists annotate there is continue. The comment continue helps us to take dimensions side by side. İt is the easiest way to take dimensions.To make CTRL 1 in the computer is very important in using autocade because it helps us to show the properties of an object or text. You can change the size or the colour.The comment match properties helps us to move the proporties of an object to another.Shift and right click helps us to open a property such as tangent just for that time.

 

 

 

We can also draw lines in a Formula. Such as after clicking the line comment, if I write 90<270 , 90 shows the distance and 270 show the angle of the line.Array also helps us to array the objects.In the autocad array menu is very powerful.It has lot of settings such as you can change the direction, you can change the spacing,with rowse you can make twice from each of them.The comment stretch helps us to stretched objects , increase their lenghts without changing the object, or without deleting.We have to make our choices in stretch with green selecting tool.We can use this comment in architecture for making bed, Window,door…İf you write the comment tool LTS, it helps us to change all the line weights at the same time.

We also draw this machine pieces with using the layers.We can arrange the colours and pieces with the comment layer.From the layer properties , we can find the layers in autocad.Right click, hide objects helps us to hide objects, but it isn’t about layers.On the other hand for taking the hide objects back, we have to make right click,isolation,isolation end object. In the quick select tool, we can choose lines with looking their layers or materials.

              In the comment scale,there is a inside comment references.In the references, you write the old lenght, and then write the new one you want it to be.We learned the comments champer and fillet. Fillet softens the edges in rectangles with giving radius. Champer break the corners, shorten the lines in rectangles. Lenghten changes the lenght of objects and the included angle of arcs.We have an block menu in autocad. With the comment write block we can save our block to outside of a window. In that way we can open it whanever we want with the comment insert.Create block creates block from selected objects.

          We can easily find the autocad library with writing ADC in the comment line. There is lots of ready blocks for us.

The comment area helps us to calculate the areas of places.For the soften edges we have to open neares in osnap for obtaining more precious area.Or we can make groups and say object in the area, then quickly select the whole object in the same time.You can open the area you calculated with F3 and copied it to a text box.Hatch helps us to hatch inside of objects.We can change all of the settings about hatch in hatch menu. We can changed the hatch pattern scale  or angle.Group manager display groups and put them in a order. You can give names to your groupes, you can add or remove things. In that way it will changed all of the other places.You can delete your group with explode.

In  autocad you can save your own style. İf you change the text properties, and make an text style called your name, if you change the osnap settings or other things like that  say save as and save the format as an dwt and give your name. In that way when you open a new page, you can select your name and your style.

The comment align helps us to aligning objects to another.Break at point break the lines from the point we want.After saying join, the line come back earlier shape.We can change the dot style from format dot style. We can make it bigger, or change the icon.Divide helps us to divide lines equally.For clicking the dots , we have to open node from snap.In the comment polyline, we can change width.İn the bottom menu, there is infer constraints. It put an property like ortho, then if you want to move it or change it the ortho mode never change.

In the basic top menu, in parametric there is dimensional.You can measure the dimension of your line and with double click you can change the measure.In the modify menu, with using copy nested object, you can copy some pieces from blocked objects.

In the annotate menu there is leader. You can add lots of different type of leader in autocad. From the bottom you can change the settings.Add leader give both of them the same number.Remove leader remove that.Align align all of the leaders.Collect for example write 6,7 to both of them.From the annotate menu, table we can make Excel files in autocad.İf we want to put an Excel file from our window we have to say insert then data ole objects and select the Excel file you want.

 

We can also make isometric drawing in autocad but first we have to open the isometric snap from osnap setting then we have to choose snap and grid.We can go from one face to another with F5 for example in cube.In the dimension menu bar there is oblique. Oblique helps us to select the angle of the dimension.You can select in  which paralel you want to put your dimensions in isometric drawing.

 

 

 

In the linear dimension if we enter without selecting anything,it find the line itself.In the annotation, jogged is used for showing the arcs.Ordinate gives cordinates, but first we have to put it to 0,0.

We also learned 3D in autocad.We have to choose 3D modeling from the top menu for obtaining the 3D comments.For 3D we also have to maket he top SW isometric.We learned extrude.Also we have to changed 2D wireframe to shaded with edges for seeing our objects as a solid.We learned that closed areas became solid after extruding but objects that is not a group became just an extrude without solid. The inside became empty.The comment region make the closed area to an surface in 2D.Polysolid is used for drawing walls in autocad.For that with height we have to give the height of our wall and with wild we have to give  wild. In that way we can easily draw walls.For taking measurements in 3D we have to open dynamic input and write Dİ to a comment line.

Prespull also a very important comment in autocad.It is kind of extrude but prespull can understand the open and closed areas.You can open a hole in a cube with the comment prespull.İf we want to draw an surface , window to a cube first we have to organize the coordinates. For that reason the comment 3 point is very useful in that. First you choose the orgin then x and y. By that you can organize the drawings you make in 3D model. On the other hand there is face in the coordinates. It helps us to take the coordinate whatever face we want to put in a cube or in our 3D model. Gizmo also very important comment in 3D.For example in move gizmo, you move the objects looking to the gizmo circles. This circles helps us to choose our direction.

            On the other hand prespull makes objects one object but extrude maket hem two when we made a cylinder top of a cube.In the extrude comment there is path. İf we have an road and we want to extrude it along this road we have to use this comment.Also in extrude comment in direction we can give the direction to extrude.

               For giving the solid thickness we can used the comment thicken. It maked the comment offset in 3D.We can easily give thickness to our solid.We learned the comments sweep,revolve and loft that is same in the rhino.In the solid tool in solid editing there is slice comment. İf we make a 3D model and we want to cut it from a point and see the inside of it this comment helps us to slice it.The comment extract edge obtains lines from a solid. It takes just the lines.Shell also give thickness but without closing the top of the solid.Move face move the holes.Taper face make yokuş in solids.Extrude face increase the height of an object as a whole.Offset face also offset the faces but it is different from extrude face because you can change the radius of a hole.

 Sketch Up Essential Training(01.09.2014-15.09.2014):

 

 

From the top menu bar in sketch up we can use pan and zoom. With the command field of view we can make perspective way zoom.In zoom window you make a rectangle showing where you want to zoom then it happens.İn the view menu in face style you can change the wireframes.İn the camera tool bar we can arrange the views like top,front and right. İnstead of perspective we can choose paralel projection, and see the views better.

We can arrange the shadows from the view menu bar.From the window menu, in shadow we can arrange and change everything about shadow. We can change the time  or where the sun came.Also with clicking fog I can change the fog settings as well.

We can obtain lots of different scenes for using them while working. In the window menu say scenes then add scene.In that way for example one in the right view an done in the top view I can make scenes and use them.

In sketch up the using of the move tool is different from other programs. When we say move, there is three axis in a different colour.İf you want to move your cylinder in x axis it says you are in red axis then with clicking shift you can move your cylinder in red (x) axis.Also with the command move we can manipulate your object.With clicking face or edge we can make longer or shorter our object with the command move.We can also rotate our object with deciding in which axis we want to make our rotation.

If we clicked to an edge or face, with using the right click, we can find  the advanced selection tools.For example you can select the edges with the same material, or lines that intersect with the one we choose.

Here we can see the difference between polygons and circle. In the both, in sketch up we can increase the number of edges but when we made them 3D when we gave a height, the polygon has lots of faces but the circle has more perfect face.

The command pushpull help us to extrude lines. The good thing about pushpull is you can continue to play with the objects.You can use pushpull again and again in the same place and obtain shapes like a lego.

In sketch up also we can offset the shape we want to inside or outside. Then we can make presspull again for obtaining this kind of shape.

The other important command is follow me. We can find this in the tool bar.This helps us to extrude some face in a given direction. İf we want to make some extrude, but if we don’t  want it in 90 degrees, this command is very useful.

İf we want to soften some edges in houses,we have to click edge lines, then make right click and say smooth object.You can change the ratio of smoothness.

Tape measure tool is a very useful tool in sketch up.You can make lots of things with using this command. You can see the dimensions with selecting two point, you can change the dimension with writing a number to a dimension box or you can take references like it happen in the image.

Protractor tool is another useful command in sketch up. With this command we can create lots of references lines ,deciding the rotation of them. By that way we can use them in our drawings.It is worked same with the rotation command. First you decide a axis , then you give an angle.

In the tools menu bar there is section tool. It helps us to take sections wherever we want to take. You are just clicking the face, and move it if you want to up or down for taking section .

Dimension tool helps us to write the dimension in our Project. Again with the right click we can change the text size or colour.

İf we want to move our object as a whole we have to make it group. Say edit then make group, in that way our object became a group. With clicking twice we can change the places of our objects inside the group.We can make changes.

In the window outliner you can arrange the groups you make.For example you made lots of group without name  and its very complicated, here you can give them names.With making right click, you can arrange the layer  of your groups ,  you  can hide or unhide them.

Click your group and then make right click and say entity info. Here you can locked some of the groups . In that way you can prevent  from moving them.

In the window menu there is component. Here there is lots of components we can find from the sketchup library. We can drag them quickly to our sketch up scene.

Again in the window menu, in component options, you can find all the settings about our components. We can change the height, colour and size of them. We can change the spacing.

In the window menu,there is material command.There is lots of different materials for different kind of objects. Just with clicking , you can add that material to our object.

 

Also in the material menu there is edit. With using that you can edit your material, the colour of it. You can make it darker or lighter.

We can import pictures from our desktop with the command import .Also we can import them as a texture. With making that image became a material for our object.You can arrange the dimensions  of it with the tape measure tool. You can change the dimension and make whatever you want.

 

İf we want to put an image as  a texture in a complicated shape , we have to draw a rectangle that shows the volume of our shape. Then put our image in that rectangle. Then with right click say texture projected. İn the materials menu choose the imagein a rectangle with the sample paint pencil and apply it to a complicated shape. Then you will see the it will come proportionally.

In the window menu bar there is styles. Here we can find lots of different style for our object. It is very useful for presentations.

We can export our skecth up file to a photoshop file.First with saying export, we have to save our file as a pdf. Then we can export it to a photoshop foulder.

 

 

Sketch Up Pro-Tools and Techniques:

 

İn the beginning of the course I lerarned the boolean operations. We can find the boolean tools in the tools menu then solid tools. We have three kind of boolean operations. They are boolean union, boolean intersection and boolean difference like we have in rhino as well.

This one is a great example of the boolean intersection from the two objects I showed in the beginning. Boolean intersection take the intersection of the two object that is inside of each other and get rid of them.

The shape in the left one is the example of the boolean union. İt combined two different object and maket hem one  . One that can move and rotate together as a whole. The shape in the right is example of boolean difference that erased one object from other.

 

This shapes are important for showing trim and split. We can find this commands again the tools menu then solid tools.

This shape show us the command trim. Trim command is same with the boolean difference but the important thing about that is it isnt get rid of the two shapes after making boolean difference. İn that way it is different from boolean difference.

Here we can see the usage of split.Again split is same with boolean intersect but without deleting it.

 

Here we used  the command outer shell. We can find this command again in the tools menu bar. This command helps us to save the outer geometry while using boolean union, but it deletes the shapes inside of the whole shape that is not useful.

İn sketchup we can find lots of camera tools. First one of this is in the tools menu bar advanced camera tools then create camera. With this command you can create a camera everywhere, you can manage the height of it, the shadow of it. İn advanced camera tools menu the other important command is frustum lines.İt made lines that show the view of the camera.The other command frustum volume also made lines that show the volume of the camera.

İf we make right click to camera and say edit camera we can manage lots of things about camera.The height, the zoom, the name…

İn the draw tool bar,there is sandbox from contours command. With that we can obtain terrains from contours. İf we have a contour like the shape in the left one, we can obtain terrains from that like it happen in the right one.

Another command that help us to obtain terrains is sandbox from scratch command. As different from the other one, in this first we have to make our grid.We can manage the number of the grid space.Then with the move tool we can move the faces and obtain lots of different terrains.For using other advantages of this tool, we have to open the tool bar of the sandbox from view then tools. You can say add details, in that way you can increase the number of control points and make your terrain more controlled. Again with the command flip edge you can change the orientation of any edge you don’t like it.

From the sandbox  tool  we opened before we can obtain more smooth terrains with the command smoove. It helps us to obtain lots of terrains like spheres.

Again the sandbox tool there is stamp command. İt helps us to put the house in a flat, in a grid that is full of terrains.In that way we can adapt all kind of surfaces to our house with this command. For that reason it is very useful.

 

If we have a road, and if we want to adabt it to our house and surface we can use the command drape from sandbox tool. First we choose the road then the surface. Then we see that our road come to our surface like we want. Also from the window tool , soften edges we can make softer all our surface like it happen in the Picture.

The other important tool we can use in sketch up pro is component attributes. We can find this from dynamic components with clicking our component.İn component attributes, you can change whatever you want about your component.You can also add attributes like price, or size. You can change the height, the name, the position…With the function menu you can add formulas and change somethings with using formulas. For example you can change the price of your sofa by looking the sizes. You can make it with adding functions.

We can also make fences with using the component attribute tool. We can constrain the value of x and y in the one fence.You can copied the fence with using this tool without changing the size of the one fence. You can change the number but not the size. You can arrange everything about that fence.

İn the tools menu bar there is interact command. With that command you can open the fridge door, or close.Again we can arrange the setting of this with using component attributes.You can change the rotation of the fridge door, you can arrange how big volume you want to use while opening the door…We don’t have to just open something with the interact tool. İf we say add attribute and say on click, from the component attributes, I can change the colour of the fridge for example with clicking to other colours.

 The other sketch up application layout 2014 is very useful for making presentations. We can open a sketch up Picture in the layout but the best thing about opening a image in layout is, with making double click, the image became 3D. You can make all changes and again save it as a image in layout without opening other pages.

İn the layout also we can find all tools and we can draw whatever we want to draw. We can draw lots of different arcs. Arcs that shows like circles, or more sharp arcs. With the pie command we can see the degrees .

Also we can find the rectangle commands again in the layout.  If  we draw a rectangle,with making up and down, we can change the sharpness of the edges of my rectangle.İn the rectangle tool there is rounded and losenge tool.They help to make our rectangle like a circle.Also in the polygon comment with using up and down we can increase the number of the sizes.

In the right menu there is stroke.With using the command fill we can paint the inside of our shapes but it have to be a closed one.

Also we can insert all of the things to layout with using the command insert. If you click the Picture you insert and make right click, there is camera tools. From that you can pan or zoom to your Picture.İf you make a change  to your image in 3D for saving your addings, make right click to image then say updated model references.In that way you can save the changes you made in 3D to your image.

 

In the right layer menu there is scrapbox.In scrapbox there is lots of icons. You can add all icons to your layout.İf you write a text to your layout, in the up menu there is arrange.You can use being front, being back commands if you have a image as well in layout.